आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ।मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा॥
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥmātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinas tathā
Word by word
The verse says
Teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and kinsmen —
In plain words
He lists them again.
He already did this in verse 26, through Sanjaya's eyes. Now he does it himself, out loud, in his own voice. Nine relationships.
People in shock repeat things. He is going back over the same ground because he cannot get past it.
Where you've felt this · in grief
Someone telling you about a loss circles back to the same few details each time — where they were standing, what was said, the time on the clock. They are not forgetting they have told you. The mind keeps returning to the spot where it got stuck.
Going deeper
The repetition is the point, and the poem is confident enough to risk seeming redundant.
Something has lodged in Arjuna and he cannot move off it. Teachers first, this time — ācāryāḥ — where the earlier list began with fathers. Drona is standing in front of him, because Krishna parked the chariot there.
There is also a shift in grammar worth noticing. Verse 26 reported what Arjuna saw. This is Arjuna speaking. The same catalogue, moved from the outside to the inside, which is how the poem shows a thought becoming an obsession.
And the list is about to turn into something else. In the next verse he will make a claim about these people that is generous and impossible, and after that his arguments begin to come apart.